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Pharmacological action - immunosuppressive.
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Home Medicines The immune system Actemra, 1
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Actemra, 1

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Pharmacological action – immunosuppressive.

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SKU: Comgerpil14 Categories: Medicines, The immune system
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Description

Pharmacodynamics

Mechanism of action. Tocilizumab is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody to the human interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor from the IgG1 immunoglobulin subclass. Tocilizumab binds to and inhibits both soluble and membrane-bound IL-6 receptors (sIL-6R and mIL-6R). IL-6 is a multifunctional cytokine produced by various cell types and is involved in paracrine regulation, systemic physiological and pathological processes such as stimulation of Ig secretion, activation of T cells, stimulation of acute phase protein production in the liver, and stimulation of hematopoiesis. IL-6 is involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including inflammatory diseases, osteoporosis, and neoplasms.

It is impossible to exclude the possibility of a negative effect of tocilizumab on the antitumor and anti-infective defenses of the body. The role of IL-6 receptor inhibition in tumor development is unknown.

Clinical efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The efficacy of the drug in patients treated with tocilizumab, both in monotherapy and in combination with methotrexate or DMARDs, did not depend on the presence or absence of rheumatoid factor, age, gender, race, number of previous treatments or stage of the disease. The response to therapy arose quickly (already on the 2nd week), further intensified and persisted for more than 3 years.

Patients treated with tocilizumab at a dose of 8 mg/kg significantly reduced the disease activity index according to the DAS28 scale compared with patients treated with placebo + DMARDs. The number of patients who achieved clinical remission (DAS28 <2.6) at week 24 was significantly higher in the tocilizumab group (27.5–33.6%) compared with the control group (0.8–12.1% ). By the 52nd week of therapy, the number of patients who achieved a DAS28 <2.6 increased to 47% compared to 33% at the 24th week of therapy.

A good or satisfactory response according to the EULAR criteria was observed more often in patients receiving tocilizumab than in those receiving placebo + DMARDs.

After 2 years of therapy with tocilizumab/methotrexate (MT), 14% of patients experienced a significant clinical response (criteria of the American College of Rheumatology, ACR) (ACR 70 was maintained for 24 weeks or more).

X-ray evaluation. In 83% of patients treated with tocilizumab/MT for a year, there was no progression of joint destruction (change in the total Sharpe index is zero or less) compared with 67% of patients who received placebo/MT. This result was maintained for 2 years of therapy. In 93% of patients, there was no progression of joint destruction between the 52nd and 104th week of therapy.

Original

Pharmakodynamik

Wirkmechanismus. Tocilizumab ist ein rekombinanter humanisierter monoklonaler Antikörper gegen den humanen Interleukin-6 (IL-6)-Rezeptor aus der Unterklasse der IgG1-Immunglobuline. Tocilizumab bindet und hemmt sowohl lösliche als auch membrangebundene IL-6-Rezeptoren (sIL-6R und mIL-6R). IL-6 ist ein multifunktionales Zytokin, das von verschiedenen Zelltypen produziert wird und an der parakrinen Regulation, systemischen physiologischen und pathologischen Prozessen wie der Stimulierung der Ig-Sekretion, der Aktivierung von T-Zellen, der Stimulierung der Akute-Phase-Proteinproduktion in der Leber und der Stimulierung der Hämatopoese beteiligt ist . IL-6 ist an der Pathogenese verschiedener Erkrankungen beteiligt, einschließlich entzündlicher Erkrankungen, Osteoporose und Neoplasmen.

Die Möglichkeit einer negativen Wirkung von Tocilizumab auf die Antitumor- und Antiinfektabwehr des Körpers kann nicht ausgeschlossen werden. Die Rolle der IL-6-Rezeptorhemmung bei der Tumorentwicklung ist unbekannt.

Klinische Wirksamkeit bei rheumatoider Arthritis (RA). Die Wirksamkeit des Medikaments bei mit Tocilizumab behandelten Patienten, sowohl in Monotherapie als auch in Kombination mit Methotrexat oder DMARDs, hing nicht vom Vorhandensein oder Fehlen von Rheumafaktoren, Alter, Geschlecht, Rasse, Anzahl früherer Behandlungen oder Stadium der Erkrankung ab. Das Ansprechen auf die Therapie stellte sich schnell ein (bereits in der 2. Woche), verstärkte sich weiter und hielt über mehr als 3 Jahre an.

Patienten, die mit Tocilizumab in einer Dosis von 8 mg/kg behandelt wurden, reduzierten den Krankheitsaktivitätsindex gemäß der DAS28-Skala signifikant im Vergleich zu Patienten, die mit Placebo + DMARDs behandelt wurden. Die Anzahl der Patienten, die in Woche 24 eine klinische Remission (DAS28 < 2,6) erreichten, war in der Tocilizumab-Gruppe (27,5–33,6 %) signifikant höher als in der Kontrollgruppe (0,8–12,1 %). Bis zur 52. Therapiewoche stieg die Zahl der Patienten, die einen DAS28 < 2,6 erreichten, auf 47 %, verglichen mit 33 % in der 24. Therapiewoche.

Ein gutes oder zufriedenstellendes Ansprechen gemäß den EULAR-Kriterien wurde häufiger bei Patienten beobachtet, die Tocilizumab erhielten, als bei Patienten, die Placebo + DMARDs erhielten.

Nach 2 Jahren Therapie mit Tocilizumab/Methotrexat (MT) zeigten 14 % der Patienten ein signifikantes klinisches Ansprechen (Kriterien des American College of Rheumatology, ACR) (ACR 70 wurde für 24 Wochen oder länger aufrechterhalten).

Röntgenauswertung. Bei 83 % der Patienten, die ein Jahr lang mit Tocilizumab/MT behandelt wurden, kam es zu keiner Progression der Gelenkzerstörung (Änderung des Gesamt-Sharpe-Index ist null oder weniger), verglichen mit 67 % der Patienten, die Placebo/MT erhielten. Dieses Ergebnis wurde für 2 Jahre Therapie aufrechterhalten. Bei 93 % der Patienten kam es zwischen der 52. und 104. Therapiewoche zu keinem Fortschreiten der Gelenkzerstörung.

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Weight 0.10 kg
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